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Pandora’s Lab: Seven Stories of Science Gone Wrong
Ebook Free Pandora’s Lab: Seven Stories of Science Gone Wrong
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What happens when ideas presented as science lead us in the wrong direction? History is filled with brilliant ideas that gave rise to disaster, and this book explores the most fascinating - and significant - missteps.
Pandora's Lab takes us from opium's heyday as the pain reliever of choice to recognition of opioids as a major cause of death in the United States; from the rise of trans fats as the golden ingredient for tastier, cheaper food to the heart disease epidemic that followed; and from the cries to ban DDT for the sake of the environment to an epidemic-level rise in world malaria.
These are today's sins of science - as deplorable as mistaken ideas from the past such as advocating racial purity or using lobotomies as a cure for mental illness. These unwitting errors add up to seven lessons both cautionary and profound, explained by renowned author and speaker Paul A. Offit. Offit uses these lessons to investigate how we can separate good science from bad, using as case studies some of today's most controversial creations: e-cigarettes, GMOs, and drug treatments for ADHD.
For every "Aha!" moment that should have been an "Oh no", this book is an engrossing account of how science has been misused disastrously - and how we can learn to use its power for good.
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Audible Audiobook
Listening Length: 7 hours and 51 minutes
Program Type: Audiobook
Version: Unabridged
Publisher: Blackstone Audio, Inc.
Audible.com Release Date: April 4, 2017
Whispersync for Voice: Ready
Language: English, English
ASIN: B06XGJFNQM
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
The seven stories are about:1. Opium and opioids (“God’s Own Medicineâ€)2. Oleomargarine and trans fats (“The Great Margarine Mistakeâ€)3. Nitrogen fertilizers and ammonium nitrate. (“Blood from Airâ€)4. Eugenics (“America’s Master Raceâ€)5. Lobotomies (“Turning the Mind Inside Outâ€)6. Rachel Carson and DDT (“The Mosquito Liberation Frontâ€)7. Linus Pauling and vitamin C; Peter Duesberg and AIDs; Luc Montagnier and the antibiotic “cure†for autism (“Nobel Prize Diseaseâ€)Additionally there is an eighth chapter entitled “Learning from the Past†which is about the MMR vaccine and autism, e-cigarettes, Bisphenol A, cancer screening, and GMOs.One of the themes in the book is the hubris of some very famous scientists who won Nobel prizes and then went on to do and/or promote some very bad science mainly because they could not admit they were wrong. But the real villain in these pages is not the science itself; it is instead the failure of people in the political arena, in the media and even in the medical and scientific journals to weigh the evidence properly thereby lending support to the bad science. Dr. Offit indicts the Environmental Protection Agency (p. 188); Time Magazine, Newsweek, the New York Times (p. 145); the Journal of the American Medical Association, the American Journal of Public Health, the New England Journal of Medicine (p. 124) and others (see page 226). Naturally these mistakes from prestigious organizations are reflective of earlier more ignorant times. Today most are much more thorough before passing judgement. However Offit warns near the end of the book that new mistakes by currently prestigious institutions will be made.Offit, who is a doctor of medicine and a professor of pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania as well as the author of more than 160 papers in medical and scientific journals, writes in a clear and readable style that is packed with concrete detail and facts, especially historical facts, some of which are appalling and horrific.Here are some tidbits reflective of Offit’s engaging style:“Francis Galton, Charles Davenport, Harry Laughlin, Madison Grant, and Adolf Hitler all shared several features: All were, by their definition, Nordic; all believed that Nordics should procreate freely while non-Nordics should be prevented from procreating; and all were childless.†(p. 122)Today’s view of lobotomies includes the comical: the “Frontal Lobotomy†is a drink made with amaretto, Chambord and pineapple juice; a joke, “I’d rather have a bottle in front of me than a frontal lobotomy†(from Tom Waits); and a T-shirt with a picture of George W. Bush and the words, “Ask me about my lobotomy.â€In regard to Rachel Carson and her imagined Eden-like world before pesticides, Offit quotes William Cronin: “It is not hard to reach the conclusion that the only way human beings can hope to live naturally on earth is to follow the hunter-gatherers back into a wilderness Eden and abandon virtually everything that civilization has given us.†(p. 186)Writing about Linus Pauling and other august scientists who couldn’t bring themselves to admit they were wrong, Offit offers: “When anybody contradicted Einstein, he thought it over, and if he found he was wrong, he was delighted, because he felt he had escaped from an error.†(p. 197-198)The essence of Offit’s argument in this book is this quote from page 212: “…all scientists—no matter how accomplished or well known—should have unassailable data to support their claims, not just a compelling personality, an impressive shelf of awards, or a poetic writing style.†--Dennis Littrell, author of “Hard Science and the Unknowableâ€
Pasteurization, antiseptics, gunpowder, paper, the screw, vaccines, the theory of evolution, the double-helix of DNA. "What are the most important things science has done for humanity" is a pretty common trope in popular science writing. Scientism is fun and pedagogical, despite the predictable hyperbole; we can't help but marvel at innovations and the science that has made them possible, even if we tend to ignore the failures that accrue along the way. But take that question, turn it on its head, and open the door to uneasiness, rancor and disappointment: "What are the worst things science has ever accomplished" is a thorny question to ask: it demands a type of self-awareness that rarely rises to the occasion.Paul Offit's answer to the question is somber, constructive, and close enough to provoke a little fear for what we are capable of doing to one another in the name of war, uncertainty, ideology, incompetence, ego and hope. Each of the seven fables of Pandora's Lab draws on a deep psychological feature, flaw, of human nature.The first fable shows how greed plus aversion to pain fed of each other to turn opium, that herb Sumerians called "the plant of joy", into the deadly OxyContin -a drug that draws more deaths than car accidents in the US. Offit's description of how the painkiller epidemic came to be is enraging, as it forced into alignment the worst incentives from the medical profession, pharmaceutical industry, media and regulatory agencies. The second fable adds advocacy to the mix, showing how health activism facilitated the introduction of deadly partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (trans fats) into world diet due to some well-intentioned policy that, trying to eliminate one evil, invited a worse one in. The next fable draws on the unintended consequences of new technologies, showing how synthetic fertilizers made possible the demographic explosion of world population during the XX century, but at the hefty price of environmental degradation and its inventor's dwellings into the origins of chemical warfare.Of all the fables in Pandora's Lab, perhaps because it resonates to current sentiments in developed countries towards migration, none is more gripping than the history of eugenics -an ideological virus that took hold of some of the brightest minds in biology, statistics and law, and through the zealotry of people like Madison Grant, lent the base for forced sterilization in the US and the horrors perpetrated by the Third Reich. Bad science can turn a political cause into an unfathomable weapon, or as Offit puts it: beware the zeitgeist.The next three fables show how desperation for medical treatments can lead to unspeakable things being perpetrated on the weakest among us, as shown by Walter Freeman's indiscriminate applications of transorbital lobotomy, and how the radical application of the cautionary principle on DDT hampered the fight against malaria. The last fable speaks about the dangers of authority disguised as science, retelling how brilliant scientists like Linus Pauling, Peter Duesberg and Luc Montagnier lost their way and recurred to conspiracy theories to back their theories when evidence went the other way.In the epilogue, Offit writes: "Although we hold on to the hope of a better life through science, we need to approach all scientific advances cautiously and with eyes wide open" (p. 241). All fables point to the disastrous outcomes that follow the coincidence of greed and need. The dangers of listening to the loudspeaker of ignorant activism. How political environment that sees a new technology being born matters. How our hope for easy solutions to complex problems is misguided. Why we can rid ourselves from parroquialism us-vs-the. And, worse of all, how our deference to authority can turn science into the weapon of the whimsical.Hopefully now we’ve learned the lessons.
I just finished the book "Pandora's Lab", and I loved it!I buy a lot of books, but don't read many of them right away. This book was an exception - I was engrossed in it immediately, and couldn't wait to pick it up again.I love the way the author put scientific discovery in the context of history. I'm amazed at the depth of his historical and scientific knowledge.I knew something of the history of the poppy, but the author's treatment of the opioid crisis and history was masterful, and put it all into perspective in terms of human health.Each chapter is extremely well researched, and provides numerous and rich insights into the consequences of informing massive, life-changing, and sometimes planetary level policy decisions, from arrogance, or from willfully ignored settled science. All of the stories have one or more protagonists who tragically pursue action without proof, leading to needless, tragic, and often monumental human suffering and death as a result of their hubris.In these trying times, where conspiracy theories and propaganda abound in untold quantity, this book is a breath of fresh air. I hope you read it, and then pass it on to your children to read.
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